Humans have developed many ways of communicating, with gestures, facial expressions, letters, sounds, visualization, etc. Similar to humans, animals also have diverse forms of communication. Most animals communicate using visual, auditory, tactile, or chemical signals, and many species have specific preferences in their communication form. The study of human-animal communication has stemmed from laboratory and psychological research conducted to understand the behaviors of animals and their means of communication. 

 Human-animal communication is the interactions observed between humans and other animals, ranging from nonverbal cues and voices to the use of language. For example, interactions between pets and their owners reflect a form of verbal communication. A dog can pick up on a message by interpreting cues such as the owner's tone of voice and body language. This communication is two-way. For instance, owners can learn to tell the subtle difference between the barking tone of dogs performing different tasks. 

Understanding animals with AI 

 A behavioral ecologist at the University of St Andrews in Scotland studied the capability of a crow. He observed what birds can do and wondered if other overlooked animal capacities might exist. The crows live in complex social groups and may pass toolmaking techniques on to their offspring. 

 New technology powered by AI is posed to provide these kinds of insights. Whether animals communicate with one another in terms we might be able to understand is a question of enduring fascination. Although people in many Indigenous cultures have long believed that animals can intentionally communicate, Western scientists have traditionally shied away from research that blurs the lines between humans and other animals for fear of being accused of anthropomorphism. 

 However, according to Rutz, with recent breakthroughs in AI, people realize that we are on the brink of fairly major advances in regard to understanding animals' communicative behaviour.  

Aza Raskin, one of the founders of the nonprofit Earth Species Project, found that Machine Learning may soon make it possible to decipher things like crow calls. Their team of AI scientists, biologists and conservation experts is collecting a wide range of data from various species and building ML models to analyze them.  

 Other groups, such as the Project Cetacean Translation Initiative (CETI), focus on trying to understand a particular species, the sperm whale. From his findings, Raskin stated that AI and ML tools will change how humans see themselves in relation to everything. 

Many animals use different modes of communication. Any actions made before, during or after uttering sounds could provide important context for understanding what an animal is trying to convey. Research catalogued these behaviors in a list known as ethogram. A model found previously unrecognized differences in Zebra Finch songs that females pay attention to when choosing mates. Females prefer partners that sing like the birds the females grew up with. 

 An AI-powered analysis with Merlin, a free app from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology that identifies bird species. The model is trained on Cornell's audio library, against which it compares the user's recording to predict the species identification.  

Conclusion  

A survey showed that 67 per cent of pet owners reported that they understood their pets' needs from barking or other sounds, and 62 per cent believed that their pets recognized human speech. Humans and most animals can understand and perceive multiple nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, gestures, tone, and other paralinguistic elements. These cues assist them in understanding others' intentions. This leads many pet owners to believe they can communicate well with their pets despite not knowing if animals perceive the information the same way as humans.  

 We humans have been trying to decode animal communication for a long time. With AI, this might be possible. Case studies mentioned in the article prove so.